高考英语动词考点,高考英语动词考点总结

1.高中英语动词不定式和动名词所有的内容

2.动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总

3.高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词

4.高考英语非谓语动词巧记巧用

5.高考英语语法填空必背知识

6.高考英语口语中必备的30个情感类动词

7.高考英语语法：表示“变化”连系动词

8.高考复习常用动词短语归纳(英语)

系动词

系动词又称联系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（也称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He fell illyesterday.

（fall是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况

He fell off theladder.

（fall是实义动词，单独作谓语。）

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher.

（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always keptsilent at meeting.

This matter restsa mystery.

3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired.

He seems (to be)very sad.

4）感官系动词

主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of clothfeels very soft.

This flower smellsvery sweet.

5）变化系动词

表示主语变成什么样，有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,run

He became madafter that.

She grew richwithin a short time.

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

The rumor provedfalse.

The search proveddifficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turnedout a success. （turn out表终止性结果）

I、常见系动词错误及其成因：

（1）漏掉系动词

I afraid he won'tcome tomorrow .

( 2 )误用系动词

His hair changedgrey .(混淆了change 与turn，grow)

I.系动词分类：

一、根据系动词后所跟结构，分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be）和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）

He looked sad atthe news.

（“看起来”，系动词用法）

He looks at aclever boy.

（“看着”，实义动词用法）

在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。常见的有：

listen， look ，touch ，hear，see ，sound ，feel， taste ，remain ，keep，stay， turn，become

二、根据系动词的意义，分为四类：

A．五大感官系动词 B．状态系动词

C．动态系动词 D．双谓语系动词

A．五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词

1．look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。

The girl bit herlips and looked thoughtful.

2．smell“闻起来”，后接adj.，分词。

The flowers smellsweet.

3．sound“听起来”，后接adj.，分词。

The music soundssweet.

4．taste“尝起来”，后接adj.，分词。

The apples tastevery good.

5．feel①“摸起来，给……感觉”；②“觉得”，后接adj

The silk feelsvery soft.

You will feelbetter after a night’s sleep.

B．状态系动词：

1．be，“是”，完全系动词。

I am a student.

2．seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。

They seem quitehappy.

3．appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。

He appeared tiredand sleepy.

It appeared(tobe)a true story.

Now it appears tome that he may play an important part in settling the problem. （在我看来）

4．keep, “保持……的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。

You’d better go to bed and keep warm.

5．remain,“仍是”，半系动词。

I remained silent.

6．stay“保持（某种状态）”，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。

The window stayedopen all the night.

7.prove “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.，n.

The treatmentproved to be successful.

C．动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。

1．get“变成，变得……起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。

The days aregetting longer and longer.

The train didn’t get going again.

It’s nothing to get excited about.

My watch gets outof order.

2．fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：

asleep, silent,ill, sick

The old man,unable to express himself, fell silent.

My father fell illand died.

3．grow“渐渐变得……起来，长得”

You will grow usedto it.

It’s growing warm.

4．turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。

Maple trees turnred in autumn.

It was cloudy thismorning, but fortunately it has turned fine.

He has turnedwriter.

（注意：此时writer之前无冠词a.）

5．go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”

The telephone hasgone dead.

The material hasgone a funny colour. (奇怪)

go之后常接的adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry,mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey

6．become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”

He became angrywith me.

It became dark.

They became goodfriends.

I becameinterested in drawing.

7．come，“变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。

His wish to becomea pilot has come true.

If you look intothe matter, everything will come clear.

My shoelaces havecome undone.

后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear（昂贵），natural,open, untied（松开）。

8．run,“变成”，后接adj.

The well has rundry.

The price ranhigh.

9．make，“达到某种状态[后接形容词]，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free

We must makecertain of facts.

我们一定要弄清事实。

The Children makefree with the apples.

孩子们随便吃苹果。

D．双谓语系动词

此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如：

The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。

She stopped andstood quite still.

The book lay openon the table.

The snow lay thickon the ground.

He marriedyoung.

The window blew open.

III．系动词用法应注意的八个问题

1．系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论

一般，状态系动词无进行时态，而动态系动词有进行时态。但在某些情况下，状态系动词也有进行时态，表示两个用途：

(1)表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如：

He is being kind.

他装出和蔼可亲的样子（一时而不能持久的性质）

(2)表示一种探询口气，使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如：

I hope you arekeeping well.

（语气委婉）

Are you feelingany better?

（语气亲切）

试比较：

Your hand feelscold.

你的手摸起来冰凉（无意识的静态性质）

不可以说：

Your hand isfeeling cold.(×)

The doctor isfeeling her pulse.

医生正在给她把脉（有意识的动态动作）

The soup tastesgood.

这汤的味道不错（静态性质，无进行时）

The cook istasting the soup.厨师在尝汤的味道。（动态动作，有进行时）

总之，系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。在概述某一动词的进行时态时，不能笼统地说feel，smell无进行时，应指出其意义及其语用环境。以smell为例

①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时，虽是实义动词，但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态，常与can, could, be able to连用。

The camels cansmell the water a mile off.

骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。

②指“嗅、闻”的动作时，实义动词，可用于进行时态。

The girl issmelling the flower.

③smell指“含有……气味”，“发出……气味”等事物性质时，半系动词，无进行时态。

The dinner smellsgood.

2．系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题

某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越……”。

He is growingtaller and taller.

Our life isgetting better and better.

The things aregetting worse.

3．所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论

某动词在作系动词用时，无被动语态，而作实义动词用时，才有被动语态

不能说： The apple is tasted good.

（因为taste此时是系动词，“尝起来”之意，指的是苹果的性质，无被动语态）

但可以说： The apple is tasted by me.

（taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作，有被动语态）

因此要注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法

4．瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题

某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，how long until+时间,by + 时间，so far”直接连用

①不能说：

He has become ateacher for 2 years.

应改为：

He has been ateacher for 2 years.

②不能说：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.

应改为：He has been a write since 3 years ago.

或It is two years since he turned writer.

③不能说：He got angry until his child came backhome.

应改为：He didn’t getangry until his child came back home.

5．系动词能接几种表语（从句）

系动词除了接adj.\n.\介词短语，某些adv.以外，还可接以下几种表语形式：

①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look，smell，sound，feel；appear（显得），seem（似乎）

It looks as if weare going to have snow.

He looked as if hehad just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.

It seems as if it werespring already.

②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem, appear, 不可用be, look

It seemed that hehad made some serious mistakes in his work.

It appeared thathe was talking to himself.

③能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.

Her job is to lookafter the children.

He looks to be ayoung girl of twenty.

④能与there连用的系动词有：be,appear, seem.

There appeared tobe only one room.

There seems(tobe)no need to go.

6．能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个：seem, appear.

It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.

= It seems that wecan’t get our money back.

He seems not to beher father.

= He doesn’t seem to be her father.

The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.

= The baby appearsnot to be awake.

7、几组易混系动词的区别

系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较，一是其意义，二是其结构。

1）get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”

get：“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语，但不能与名词直接连用。

become：“变成，成为（好坏情况均可）。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语，不能与不定式连用。

go：“变成（某种由好到坏的情况）”，后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。

Turn：“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化，如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语，后不接不定式。

grow：“逐渐变得……”，强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式，不可直接跟名词。

2）look, seem, appear“好像”

三者作系动词时在意义上的区别：

look：“好像，看起来”，一般用于非正式场合，侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。

seem ：“似乎，好像”，指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。

appear：“显得，好像”，常用于正式文体中，指某事物或人给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。

He looks like hisfather. （指其长相看起来相像）

He seems like hisfather. （指说话人从个性方面得到的判断）

He appears likehis father.（指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象）

3）keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”

①keep作系动词时，“保持……状态”，后接adj.或介词短语：alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy

Have you kept wellall these years?

I hope it willkeep fine.

In order to keepfit, all students go in for sports.

We’d better keep in touch.

②remain，系动词“仍然存在……状态”，后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前后无变化。

The door remainedclosed.

门仍然关着。

Your room remainslike this.

你的房间依旧是这样子。

③stay，作系动词用时“保持……状态”，后接形容词、分词。

That fellow stayedsingle.

那个小伙子仍保持单身。

It’s easy to stay hidden.

躲起来很容易。

后常接的形容词有：calm, clean, fresh, healthy, young, open,awake, warm, fine, 常可与keep互换。如：

Stay/keepcalm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)

①What you have said_______.

A．is soundedinteresting

B．soundsinteresting

C．soundinterested

D．listensinterested

②The class begins. Please keep________.

A．silent B．silence

C．the silence D．silently

③Look! Several people in the crowdseemed_______.

A．to be fighting B．to havefought

C．being fought D．havingfought

④How _____the song she sings sounds! I havenever ______a better voice.

A．beautifully, sounded

B．beautiful, sounded

C．sweet, listened to

D．sweet, heard

⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______ratherstrange.

A．is looked B．is seemed

C．seems D．isappeared

⑥John _____driver since two months ago.

A．became a B．has becomea

C．has turned D．has been a

⑦The ice_____ thick on the river.

A．is lain

B．lay

C．laid

D．lie

高中英语动词不定式和动名词所有的内容

一．非谓语动词

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词＋have ＋done"结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。

1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：

must have done：

表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作"一定做了……"，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't／couldn't have done?

疑问式为Can／Could...have done？。

could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作"可能做了……"。如：

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ?(上海 2000)

A． couldn't have attended

B． needn't have attended

C． mustn't have attended

D． shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97

A． mustn't have arrived

B． shouldn't have arrived

C． can't have arrived

D． need not have arrived （C）

2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）

本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）

（本来可以……，本来能……）

一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反：过去完成时；

3. 与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）

o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。

" 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。

" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有：law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.（由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示"一类人"，

b）当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

注意：1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3） 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4） 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装

In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath

常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1） not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2） only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3） 在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为：

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句：where; wherever

o 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句：as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句：so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，

在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语

2）in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

3）名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5）定语从句的省略结构：

1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that /

which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

6）定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：

第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出，比如上面的they和are要么同时省略，要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中，插入语屡见不鲜，由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确， surely无疑， however然而， obviously显然， frankly坦率地说， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely， she won?t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.

奇怪，他未来过中国联通。更奇怪，他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately， I found the book that I?d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say说也奇怪， needless to say不用说， most impor tant of all最为重要， worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all， you each over?fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的，你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum， in short)简而言之， in other words换句话说， in a sense在某种意义上， in general一般说来， in my view在我看来， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断)， in conclusion总之， in summary概括地说， in fact事实上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course当然， to our knowledge据我们所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他们惊奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事实上等。

动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总

动词不定式

不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，但不能作谓语，可有自己的逻辑主语，即for/of sb to do。

1.不定式作主语

To do that sort of thing is foolish.

It would be better fou you to go there.

（it作形式主语代替后面的不定式)it be adj/n for sb to do sth

注意：不定式作主语表示某次特定的行动；动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。

Walking after supper is helpful.

To walk in the street this evening will be nice.

2.不定式作表语

To see is to believe.

All you have to do is (to)finish the job quickly.

(当表语用来解释主语中do的具体内容时，表语中的不定式常常省略to)

3.不定式作宾语

He promosed not to tell anybody about it.

(不定式的否定形式为not to do)

He didn’t go to the party last night,but he intended to.

(不定式后的动词可承前省略，但to不省略)

I think it important for you to recite some English articles.

（如果不定式较长，可用it作形式宾语）

提示：以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语：afford agree ask attempt decide demand expect fail help hope manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem wish.

4.不定式作定语

There are many TV sets to choose from.

(1)当不定式之后有介词与其修饰的名词有介宾盥洗室，介词不能省略。

The room is large to live in.

The river is large to swim in.

(2)当名词前有序数词、最高级或next，only等修饰时，其后用不定式修饰。

Betty was the first(girl)to come.

He’s the only person to know the truth.

The easisest way to learn English is staying at an English family.

She has a wish to travel around the world.

5.不定式作状语

He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.（目的状语）

I’m to tired to walk any further this afternoon.（结果状语）

提示：不定式作结果状语长用于如下结构

so+adj/adv+as to do如此......以至于

such+adj+n+as to do如此......以至于

adj/adv+enough+to do足够......

too+adv/adj+to do太......以致不能

They jumped with joy to hear the news.(原因状语)

He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.（方式状语）

I’m very glad to see you again.

（不定式作修饰表语形容词的状语）

6.不定式作宾语补足语

（1）动词+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的动词有：advise allow ask beg cause chellenge drive encourage expect forbid force hire intend invite order permit persuade remind require teach remind tell want warn等。

She asked me to stay here.

（2）表示见解、看法的动词+宾语+带to的不定式（不定式常用to be或to have done形式）。具有这种结构的动词有：believe consider declare discover feel(认为) find imagine judge suppose think understand等。

I consider him to have done wrong.

(3)感官动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，）。具有这种用法的动词有：see notice watch lookat observe hear listento feel等。

I heard the clock tick.The boy was seen to run down the street.

(4)使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，但have一般不用于被动式）。具有这种用法的动词有：make have let等。

Shall I have him come here ?

They shouldn’t be made to do such heavy work.

(5)动词短语+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的词组有：arrange for ask for call on count on long for depend on rely on wait for等。

I’m waiting for you to reply.

高考真题

1.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good______.

A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed

be+adj+to do不定式用主动形式。The house is comfortable to live in.

2.The director had her assistant______some hot dogs for the meeting.

A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up

have sb do sth让某人做某事

3.I feel greatly honoured______into their society.

A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed

考察非谓语动词。从句是看，这里用不定式作状语，用主系表+to do sth，这里用不定式的被动语态表示受到欢迎。

4.Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced______their homes.

A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left

此处考察be forced to do sth固定结构。在force sb to do sth这一结构中，不定式作动词force的宾语补足语。

课后训练

1.I don’t want______like I’m speaking ill of anybody,but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded

2.All these gifts must be mailed immediately______in time for Chrismas.

A.in order to have received B.in order to receive

C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving

3.He hurried to the station only______that the train had left.

A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found

4.I meant______abroad with them,but I didn’t have enough money.

A.going B.to go C.to have gone D.having gone

5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,______it more difficult.

A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make

6.I’ve worked with children before,so I know what______in my new job.

A.expected B.to expect C.to be excepting D.expects

7.She pretended______when I came in.

A.to read B.read C.to be reading D.reading

8.They knew her very well.They had seen her______up from childhood.

A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.grown

9.She is often heard______English aloud in the morning.

A.read B.to read C.having read D.to be reading

10.When I went to the Smiths’,they happened______dinner.

A.to have B.to be having C.to having been having D.having

动名词

V-ing作主语和宾语

1.动名词作主语

（1）谓语动词用单数。

Wishing for things costs nothing.愿望是不花本钱的。

（2）有时用形式主语，多用于一些固定句式中。

It’s no use worrying about it.发愁没有用。

It’s useless arguing(=to argue) with them.跟他们争辩徒劳无益。

Do you think it’s worthwhile quarrelling with me?你认为我们吵值得吗？

It is hopeless arguing about it.为此争论毫无用处。

（3）有时用被动式。

It’s fun being taken to the zoo.被带去逛动物园很有意思。

（4）前面有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格做逻辑主语。

It’s a waste of time you talking to him.你和他谈话时浪费时间。

Jenny’s not going to college is her one regret.杰尼没上过大学是她感到遗憾的事。

2.动名词作宾语

（1）牢记只能接动名词，不接不定式的动词、短语和句型。

动词：allow, permit, consider, suggest, advice, keep(on), finish, imagine, practise, understand, appreciate, enjoy, miss, prevent, forbid, escape, include, deny, forgive, pardon, excuse, dislike, discuss, report, admit, mind, risk, delay, postpone(推迟)等。

（2）短语：put off, can’t stand, burst out(突然开始), feel like, insist on, give up, be busy, be worth, succeed in, look forward to, devote…to/be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to, lead to, get down to(开始认真做),pay attention to, refer to, point to, turn to, object to, equal to, belong to等。

3.句型：spend … in doing在某方面花费

prevent /stop/keep…from doing阻止……做……

How/What about doing sth?做……怎么样？

have sone difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth在做某事方面有困难

have a hard time in doing sth做某事很艰难

there is no sense in doing做……是没有道理的

（2）牢记动名词和接动词不定式意义差别很大的动词或短语。

remember

forget

regret

mean

stop

try

go on

can’t help

sb need/want/require to do（需要、想要、要求做某事）

sth need/want/require doing(=to be done)（某物需要做某事）

同步训练

翻译下列句子

1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

_____________________________

2.今天去没有用，他不会在家。

_____________________________

3.你作文写完了吗？

_____________________________

4.请原谅我来晚了。

_____________________________

5．他不声不响地走了进来。

_____________________________

6．他走进来了，没有被看见。

____________________________

参考答案

My favourite sport is swimming.

It’s no use going there today.He won’t be in(can’t be in).

Have you finished writing your composition.

Excuse me for being late.

He entered the room without making any noise.

He entering the room without being seen.

V-ing作定语和表语

1.动词的-ing形式作表语

（1）动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。

His job is teaching English.

=Teaching English is his Job.

（2）现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，说明主语的性质；可有比较形式，也可被very等副词所修饰。

He was very amusing.

Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比溜冰更刺激。

2.动词的-ing形式作定语

（1）动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能；被修饰的名词与动词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达；动名词通常只位于所修饰的名词前。

a swimming pool =a pool for swimming

a walking stick=a stick for walking

（2）现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作；被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系；可换成定语从句来表达；单个的现在分词作定语，常置于被修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。

Nobody can stop the running horse=the horse that is running 没有人能阻止那配奔跑的马。horse与running之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

I know the man standing there=who is standing there

（3）如何区分作定语的动名词和现在分词

动词的-ing形式可以分成动名词和现在分词。都可以作定语。

动名词与所修饰的名词间的关系，以swimming pool 为例，是说the pool; is for swimming即为游泳而设，同样a walking stick=The stick is for walking.

而现在分词作定语所表示得是名词的性质或名词的特征。

an interesting book=The book is interesting.

exciting news=the news is exciting

用试加法区别作定语的现在分词和动名词：

试加法是用for带入原含有v+ing形式的词组中，意思通顺者，v+ing形式为动名词。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping（car是供睡觉的），a dancing hall=a hall for dancing（hall是供跳舞的）。二句均通顺，合乎逻辑，所以sleeping和dancing均为动名词。又如：a sleeping boy=a boy for sleeping（boy供睡觉），显然意思不通顺，因而sleeping在此处便是现在分词了。

这样定语还可以用试加转换定语从句法加以验证。一般说来能转换成合理的定语从句的v+ing即为现在分词。

A sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping

Working people=people who are working

3.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。

（1）动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中）”。

She caught them stealing her apples.（them与stealing有主动关系；在“撞见时”正在偷。）

（2）试比较以下句子

I saw the boy climbed the wall.我看见那小男孩爬墙。（强调爬墙这件事）

I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见那小男孩正在爬墙。（强调爬墙的情景）

同步训练

1.The next morning she found the man______in bed,dead.

A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying

2.The squirrel（松鼠）was lucky that it just missed ______.

A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch

3.She didn’t remember______him before.

A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met

4.There was a terrible noise______the sudden burst of light.

A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed

5.The secretary worked late into the night,______a long speech for the president.

A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing

6.I can hardly imagine Peter______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A.sail B.to sailed C.sailing D.to have sailed

7.---I usually go there by train.

---Why not______by boat for a chance?

A.to try doing B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

8.I would appreciate______back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you are calling

9.______a reply,he decided to write again.

A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received

10.The missing boys were last seen______near the river.

A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play

参考答案

1-5 A A B A B 6-10 B B A B B

V-ing作状语

1.作时间状语

（While） Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.

2.作原因状语

Being a League member,he is always helping others.

3.作方式状语，表示伴随。

He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.

4.作条件状语。

（If） Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.

5.作结果状语。

He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.

6.做目的状语。

He went swimming the other day.

7.作让步状语。

Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.

8.与逻辑主语构成独立主格。“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。

I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.

我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Time permitting,we’ll do another two exercise.

如果时间允许，我们将做另外两个练习。

有时也可用with（without）+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。

9.作独立成分。

Judging from his appearance,he must be an actor.

从外表看，他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking,girls are more careful.

一般说来，女孩子更加细心。

同步训练

1.More and more people are signing up for Yuga classes nowdays,______advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taking

2.While watching television,______.

A.the doorbell ran B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings

3.In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qindao,______the 60th anniversary founding of the PLA Navy.

A.marking B.marked C.having marked D.being marked

4.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,______in a small apartment near Boston and______what to do about his future.

A.living;wordering B.lived;wordering

C.lived;wordered D.living;wondered

5.He glanced over at her,______that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.

A.noticing B.noticed C.to notice D.having noticed

6.The flowers______sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt

7.The old man,______abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.

A.A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked

8.______,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.

A.General speaking B.Speaking general

C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally

9.The storm left,______a lot of damage to this area.

A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused

10.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures______in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed

参考答案

1-5 A C A A A 6-10C D C D C

A B A B 6-10 B B A B B

我的教案

高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词

动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系，许多同学都掌握得不好。让我们一起学习吧!以下我为大家编辑的动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总，欢迎大家阅读！

1 动词的语态

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态　时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。

feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

We saw him play football on the playground.

--> He was seen to play football on the playground.

2)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

琴声悠悠550字1 let 的用法

1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。

They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.

2) 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.

----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

2 短语 动词的被动语态

短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.

Such a thing has never been heard of before..

3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组

believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

It is said that…　　 据说

It is reported that… 据报道

It is believed that…　大家相信

It is hoped that…　大家希望

It is well known that… 众所周知

It is thought that…　大家认为

It is suggested that…　据建议

It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然

It has been decided that… 大家决定

It must be remember that…务必记住的是

It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

4不用被动语态的情况

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat.

(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.

Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

3) 系动词无被动语态：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

5 主动形式表示被动意义

1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…

The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build

I was to blame for the accident.

Much work remains.

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

6 被动形式表示主动意义

be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries

He is graduated from a famous university.

他 毕业 于一所有名的大学。

注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。

He married a rich girl.

He got married to a rich girl.

7 need/want/require/worth

注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

The book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

典型例题

The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.

A. cleaning　 B. be cleaned　 C. clean　 D. being cleaned

答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。

典：done，"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。

动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总相关 文章 ：

1. 高考英语动词的时态和语态语法知识点与技巧方法

2. 英语语法:动词的时态和语态

3. 英语基础语法知识点汇总:动词的语态

4. 动词的语态语法讲解及练习题

5. 动词英语基础语法

6. 初中常考的英语语法知识点汇总

7. 英语动词的语法归纳

8. 最新九年级英语语法知识点总结大全

9. 九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳

10. 英语被动语态知识点总结讲解

高考英语非谓语动词巧记巧用

《高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词

2009-03-18 11:48 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

情态动词有一定的词义, 表示某种感情或语气, 是不完全动词, 不能单独作谓语, 需和实义动词一起构成谓语. 常见的情态动词有: can / could, may / might, must, shall / should, will / would, need, ought to, dare / dared等

一.may / might的用法:

1.表示?可以?, 即表示说话人许可或请求许可

a. You may take it away.

b. May I come in ?

2.表示?可能, 也许? (在疑问句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示?是否可能, 会不会?的意思)

a. He may come today.

b. Is it likely to rain ?

c. Do you think the train will be late ?

d. Can the news be true ?这消息会是真的吗?

3.在提建议时, 可用May I

a. May I carry your bag ?

b. May I make a suggestion ?

二.can / could的用法:

1.表示许可或请求许可, 相当于may. 但can比may用得更广泛. can不仅表示说话人同意, 准许, 还可以表示客观条件许可. may通常只表示说话人同意或准许

a. The class is over. You can go home now.

b. You can go there tomorrow.

c. Can I borrow your car for today ?

2.在提建议时, 可用Can I / you

a. Can I buy you a drink ?

3.表示?会, 能?, 相当于be able to

a. He can speak English.

b. Can you play tennis ?

c. Little Tom can?t move the big box.

4.在疑问句中表示怀疑, 不确定或不会有的情况, 即?否定的推测?

a. Can it be true ? 这是真的吗?

b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通过考试了吗?

5.can?t / couldn?t在陈述句中可表示?肯定不, 一定不?的意思

a. He can?t be in the room right now.

b. It can?t have rained last night, for the ground is dry.

6.can?t / couldn?t help doing sth表示?不得不,忍不住做某事?

a. People couldn?t help laughing at the foolish emperor.

7.can / be able to do的区别:

①.be able to可用于各种时态, 而can只有现在时can和过去时could

②.be able to可以和另一个不完全动词连用, 如should be able to (应该能够), must be able to (必须能够)等, 而can则不可以这样用

③.强调?能力?时, 多用be able to

a. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.

④.can可用于人或其他事物作主语的句子中; be able to只用于有生命的名词或代词作主语的句子中

三.must的用法:

1.表示?必须?, 它的否定形式是need not / needn?t, 而不是must not / mustn?t, mustn?t表示禁止或不许做某事

a. You must set off at once.

b. You needn?t tell John about it.

c. You mustn?t play with fire.

2.表示?肯定是, 一定是?的推测意义; 与此对应, 表示?肯定不,一定不?用can?t, 而不用mustn?t

a. You must be very tired now.

b. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.

c. He must have gone away. We don?t see him anywhere.

3.must / have to的区别:

①.must / have to一般可以通用, 但must侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 即?说话人认为必须?; have to侧重于客观上的需要, 含有?客观上不得不?之意

a. If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing.

b. You must / have to study with a teacher if you want to know how to do first aid.

②.must没有时态的变化, 一般用于表示现在或将来; have to有时态的变化, 可用于过去, 现在, 将来各种时态

a. We must study hard when we are young.

b. I think she must remain in hospital for a week.

c. We had to stay there for a whole day because of the rain.

d. We have to practise a lot if we want to speak English well.

e. The situation has changed; we will have to change our plan.

③.它们的否定式mustn?t / not have to有很大的不同: mustn?t表示?不要(做某事)?, 有禁止之意; not have to表示?不必要(做某事)?, 含有?客观上无此必要?之意

a. You mustn?t move a person if he is badly hurt.

b. You don?t have to be a doctor to do first aid.

四.would的用法:

1.表示主观意志和愿望, 即?愿意,想要?

a. Come here whenever you would.

b. He would not leave before he finished his work.

2.would do sth可以表示过去经常发生的动作, 相当于used to do sth

a. When we were children we would go swimming every summer.

b. On Sundays he would go fishing for hours when he lived in the countryside.

3.表示请求, 愿望, 语气客气, 委婉

a. I would like some tea.

b. Would you mind closing the door ?

c. Would you tell me something about your trip ?

4.表示推测, 表示?大概, 也许?的意思

a. That would be the pen you are looking for.那也许是你在找的笔吧

五.should的用法:

1.表示义务, 责任, 可译为?应当?

a. We should complete the text in time.

b. You should be so careless.

2.表示推测或推论, 可译为?可能, 应该是?

a. He should be home by now, I think.

b. He should have arrived in Nanjing by this time.

3.should / ought to的区别:

should / ought to一般可以通用. should侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 有时含有劝告, 建议的口气, 即 ?按我的想法应该如何?; ought to语气更强, 强调?有责任, 有义务做某事?或者 ?按道理应该如何?

a. ?I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.?

b. ?I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.?

六.need的用法: need表示?需要?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作实义动词

1.need作实义动词时, 注意以下用法:

①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主动形式表被动意义)

a. You need to remain in bed.

b. I need you to help me with the housework.

c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)

2.need作情态动词时, 多用于否定句及疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. It is still early. You needn?t hurry. =You don?t need to hurry.

b. It is 11 o?clock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?

3.对于用need的提问, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn?t

a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you needn?t.

七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 ?敢?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作为实义动词

1.作为情态动词时, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?

2.作为实义动词时, 可用于: dare to do sth

a. Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ?

3.should / ought to的区别:

should / ought to一般可以通用. should侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 有时含有劝告, 建议的口气, 即 ?按我的想法应该如何?; ought to语气更强, 强调?有责任, 有义务做某事?或者 ?按道理应该如何?

a. ?I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.?

b. ?I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.?

六.need的用法: need表示?需要?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作实义动词

1.need作实义动词时, 注意以下用法:

①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主动形式表被动意义)

a. You need to remain in bed.

b. I need you to help me with the housework.

c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)

2.need作情态动词时, 多用于否定句及疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. It is still early. You needn?t hurry. =You don?t need to hurry.

b. It is 11 o?clock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?

3.对于用need的提问, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn?t

a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you needn?t.

七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 ?敢?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作为实义动词

1.作为情态动词时, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?

2.作为实义动词时, 可用于: dare to do sth

a. Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ? 《高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)

高考英语语法填空必背知识

高考英语非谓语动词巧记巧用

一、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词和短语

在下列8个动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：

remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过)

forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过)

regret to do (遗憾地做) regret doing(后悔做了)

try to do(设法做) try doing(试做)

go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事)

mean to do(打算做) mean doing(意味着)

stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做)

can’t help to do(不能帮助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)

1. —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.

—Well, now I regret ________ that. (全国卷)

A. to do B. to be doing

C. to have done D. having done

分析答案选D。由语境可知“我”“后悔”在会上提出异议，应接动名词。

2. —The light in the office is still on.

—Oh，I forgot ________. (全国卷)

A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

分析答案选C。表示忘记做某事，事情还没做，forget后接不定式。

3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means ________ for another hour. (上海卷)

A. waiting B. to wait

C. wait D. to be waiting

分析答案选A。由语境可知句中的mean表示“意味着”，后接不定式。

4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock by the side of the path. (全国卷)

A. to have rested B. resting

C. to rest D. rest

分析答案选C。休息是停下来的目的，且发生在stop之后，用接不定式的一般式。

5. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (全国卷)

A. to do B. doing

C. with D. to be doing

分析答案选A。表示做完一事后“接着做”另一事，go on后接不定式。

二、表示未成实现的愿望或打算的动词和短语

表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即表示“本打算 / 想 / 希望做某事”但事实上却没做的事情，用plan, intend, mean; want, hope, wish, expect等动词的过去完成时，加不定式的一般式，或者这类动词的一般过去时，加不定式的完成式；was / were, would / should like加不定式的完成式；was / were going加不定式的一般式。如：

I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (全国卷)

A. to go B. to have gone

C. going D. having gone

分析答案选B。由句意可知，是表示过去未曾实现的期望，用“would love+不定式完成式”。句意是：昨晚我本想去参加聚会的，但是…(from www.nmet168.com)

三、要接动名词的含有介词的常用句型

在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth. from doing (阻止…做…)；spend / waste time or money in doing (在做…方面花费 / 浪费时间或金钱)；How / What about doing sth. (做…怎么样？)；have some difficulty / trouble in doing (在做…方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth. (做某事很艰难); there is no sense in doing(做…是没有理由 / 道理的)；thank (excuse / admire / praise / blame / scold / punish) sb. for doing sth. (因做某事而感谢 / 羡慕 / 表扬 / 责备某人)等。如：

1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam. (福建卷)

A. pass B. to pass

C. passed D. passing

分析答案选D。因为have a hard time (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难。

2. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV. (上海卷)

A. to watch B. to watching

C. watching D. watch

分析答案选C。spend some time (in) doing sth. 做某事花了多长时间。

3. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing ________ again. (全国卷)

A. to happen B. from happening

C. happened D. happen

分析答案选B。prevent sb. / sth. from doing 阻止…做…。

4. Did you have trouble ________ the post office? (全国卷)

A. to have found B. with finding

C. to find D. in finding

分析答案选D。have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth. 在做方面有困难。

四、to是介词的常用固定结构

to是介词和固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望), devote…to / be devoted to(致力于), be / get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于、能胜任), belong to(属于)等。如：

1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children. (上海卷)

A. set up B. setting up

C. have set up D. having set up

分析答案选B。devote…to…中to是介词，接动名词；all是devote的宾语，he had是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。

2. The discovery of new evidence led to ________. (上海卷)

A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief

C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught

分析答案选C。lead to中的to是介词，后接动名词；逻辑主语the thief与catch是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式(from www.nmet168.com)。

3. She looks forward every spring to ________ the flower-lined garden. (上海卷)

A. visit B. paying a visit

C. walk in D. walking in

分析答案选D。look forward to中to是介词，后接动名词。再说，若visit用作名词，后面要加介词to，才可接宾语，排除A和B；walk作名词，表示散步，仅用于go for / take / have a walk等结构，排除C。

高考英语口语中必备的30个情感类动词

英语高考的时候，不管是单词、 短语 、句型还是语法，都会被考察到，所以考生们一定要全面复习好这些知识。下面是我整理分享的高考英语语法填空必背知识，欢迎阅读与借鉴，希望对你们有帮助!

高考英语语法填空必背知识

一、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词

1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播

2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑

3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止

4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅

5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰

6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的;作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)

7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的;作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)

8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求

9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖

10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌

11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉

12. spread (spread, spread) 传播

13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳

14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎

15. weave (wove, woven) 编织

二、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

双写规则口诀:重读闭音节有特点，词尾是两“辅”夹一“元”。

若把-ing，-er(-est)，-ed添，辅音字母要双写全。

注：两“辅”夹一“元”：指单词最后三个字母是“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”(最后一个字母如是w，x，y除外)，其中元音字母所发的音是该单词的重音。即“以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词”。

1. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认

2. permit (permitted, permitting)允许

3. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔

4. forget (forgotten, forgetting ) 忘记 unforgettable

5. control (controlled, controlling) 控制

6. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现

7. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿

8. refer (referred, referring) 提到

9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备

注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语) 另外注意：destroy (destroyed) employ (employed)

shyer; shyest

三、容易拼写错的数字

1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二

5. twentieth第二十

四、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

1. long—length 长度— lengthen加长

2. wide—width 宽度—widen

3. high—height 高度—heighten

4. strong—strength力量 —strengthen

5.deep—depth—deepen

6. short—shortness—shorten

7.broad—broadness—broaden

8.large—largeness—enlarge

五、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed

1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐

2.panic (panicked, panicked) a./ v.惊慌,恐慌,惶恐不安

六、个别名词的'复数拼写

1. German (Germans) 德国人

2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾

3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕

4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。

5. roof (roofs) 房顶

6. stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es)

七、常用复数形式

1. headphones (耳机), trousers (裤子),sunglasses (太阳镜), scissors (剪刀), compasses (圆规)

2. noodles, vegetables, snacks小吃, 快餐,

3. make friends with 与...交朋友,in high/low spirits (情绪高涨/低落), have sports (进行体育活动)。

4. congratulations (祝贺)。

5. celebrations (庆祝),

八、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化

1. succeed—success成功

2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音

3. explain—explanation解释

4. decide—decision 决定

5. enter—entrance进入

6. permit—permission 允许

7. refuse—refusal 拒绝

8. consider—consideration 考虑

9. discover—discovery 发现

10. bury—burial 埋葬

11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论

12. arrive—arrival 到达

13. weigh—weight 重量

14.press--pressure压力

九、注意去不去e

possible—possibly 可能的 argue—argument judge—judgment

value—valuable courage—courageous

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★ 高考英语语法填空副词知识点与练习题

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高考英语语法：表示“变化”连系动词

以下是 整理的《高考英语口语中必备的30个情感类动词》，希望大家喜欢！

1. amaze:使某人吃惊；amazing：令人惊叹的；amazed：感到惊奇的

2. annoy：使某人恼怒； annoying：令人恼怒的；annoyed：感到恼怒的，生气的

3. astonish：使某人惊愕；astonishing：令人惊愕的：astonished：感到惊愕的

4. confuse：使某人困惑；confusing：令人困惑的；confused：感到困惑的

5. convince：使某人信服；convincing：令人信服的；convinced：感到信服的

6. delight：使某人高兴；delighting(delightful)：令人高兴的；delighted：感到高兴的

7. depress：使人低落；depressing：令人低落（沮丧）的；depressed：感到沮丧的

8. disappoint: 使某人失望；disappointing：令人失望的；disappointed：感到失望的

9. discourage：使某人泄气；discouraging：令人泄气的；discouraged：感到泄气的

10. disgust：使人厌恶：disgusting：令人厌恶的；disgusted：感到厌恶（恶心）的

11. embarrass：使人尴尬；embarrassing：令人尴尬的；embarrassed：感到尴尬的

12. encourage：使有勇气；encouraging：令人鼓舞的；encouraged：感到鼓舞的

13. excite：使人兴奋；exciting：令人兴奋的；excited：感到兴奋的

14. exhaust: 使人筋疲力尽；exhausting：令人筋疲力尽的；exhausted：感到筋疲力尽的

15. fright：使人惊恐；frightening：令人惊恐的；frightened：感到恐惧（害怕）的

16. frustrate：使人沮丧；frustrating：令人沮丧的；frustrated：感到沮丧的

17. inspire：使人鼓舞；inspiring：令人鼓舞的；inspired：感到鼓舞的

18. interest：使人有兴趣；interesting：令人感兴趣的；interested：感到有兴趣的

19. irritate：使人愤怒；irritating：令人愤怒的；irritated：感到愤怒的

20. move：使人感动；moving：令人感动的；moved：感动的

21. please：使人愉快；pleasing(pleasant)令人愉快的；pleased：感到快乐的

22. puzzle：使人困惑；puzzling：让人困惑的；puzzled：感到困惑的

23. satisfy：使人满意；satisfying(satisfactory)：令人满意的；satisfied：感到满意的

24. shock：使人震惊：shocking：令人震惊的；shocked：感到震惊的

24. sicken：使人恶心；sickening：令人恶心的；sickened：感到恶心的

26. surprise：使人惊讶；surprising：令人惊讶的；surprised：感到惊讶的

27. terrify：使人害怕；terrifying：令人害怕的；terrified：感到害怕的

28. tire：使人疲倦：tiring：令人疲倦的；tired：感到疲倦的

29. touch：使人触动；touching；令人触动的；touched：感到触动的

30. worry：使人担忧；worrying：令人担忧的；worried：感到担忧的

高考复习常用动词短语归纳(英语)

高考英语语法：表示“变化”连系动词的用法

　英语中表示“变化”的连系动词主要有 become, come, go, get, grow, turn等。使用时注意以下几点：

一、become 和get的用法

主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。如：

Hearing this, the boss became [got] angry. 听到这事，老板就生气。

The travelers became [got] thirsty. 旅客们渴了。

Soon the man became famous. 不久后这个人就出名了。

If you eat such food you’ll get [become] fat. 如果你吃那样的食物，你会发胖的。

另外，还有become [get] ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc (得病，变老，痊愈，变聋，变强，等)。

另外，become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。如：

It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了)。

Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。

This design of resident buildings is becoming [getting] fashionable. 这种住宅楼的设计正在逐渐流行起来。

二、go 和come 的用法

两者均可表示变化，但前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物)，后者则主要指向好的方面变化。如：

go bald (deaf, insane, etc) 发秃，变聋，发疯，等

The meat’s gone off [gone bad]. 肉变味(变坏)了。

The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。

Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。

Everything came right. 一切顺利。

另外，go还可用于人或事物颜色的变色，与turn用法相同。如：

She went [turned] blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。

The rotten meat went [turned] green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。

说明：

1. go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词。如：

grow [get] old 变老 fall [become] ill 生病

fall [become] sick 生病 get [feel] tired 疲劳

2. go后接形容词通常表示结果(见上例)，但在个别搭配中也可表示状态。如：

go hungry 挨饿 go naked 光着身子

3. come 除表示向好的方面变化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意。如：

come untied 解开 come loose 变松 come undone 松开

三、grow 的用法

grow 主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。如：

It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。

Bob is growing old. 鲍勃渐渐变老了。

The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。

The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日趋严峻。

四、关于结构

以上提到的连系动词通常接形容词作表语，但有的还可接其他结构，如come, get, grow后可接不定式，become, turn后可接名词，go, get, grow后可接介词短语。如：

You’ll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。

Soon I came to like him. 不久我便开始喜欢他了。

It’s becoming a serious problem．它正在成为一个严重问题。

The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。

They went out of fashion years ago．它们好多年前已变得不时新了。

说明：turn后接名词时，往往表示意想不到的变化，名词前通常用零冠词。如：

He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。(比较：He became a writer after graduating from college.)

l．动词+about

　 speak／talk about 谈论　　 think about 思考

　 care about 关心，对……有兴趣 bring about 引起，使发生

　 set about 着手，开始　　　 come about 发生

　 hear about 听说 worry about 为……担心

2．动词+away

　 throw away 扔掉　　　　　　 blow away 吹走

　 carry away 拿走，使入迷　　 clear away 清除掉，消散

　 die away 逐渐消失,减弱　　 pass away 去世

　 wash away 冲走　　　　　　　　 take away 拿走，使消失

　 put away 收拾起来，存起来　 give away 背弃，泄漏，赠送

　 wear away 磨掉，消耗　　　　 break away 摆脱

　 send away 让走开　　　　　　 turn away 把……打发走

3．动词+back

　 keep back 隐瞒，忍住　　　　 look back(on) 回顾

　 hold back 控制住　　　　　　 give back 归还

　 call back 回电话　　　　　　 take back 拿回，收回

4．动词+for　

　 run for 竞选　　　　　　　　 ask for 要求得到

　 wait for 等候　　　　　　　　　 stand for 代表，表示

　 long for 渴望　　　　　　　 hope/wish for 希望得到

　 care for 关心，喜欢　　　　 beg for 乞求

　 search for 查找　　　　　　 look for 寻找

　 call for 需要，要求　　　　 hunt for 寻找

　 change…for 用……换　　　 charge…for 收费，要价

　 apply for 申请 take…for 误以为……是

　 seek for 寻找　　　　　　 come for 来拿，来取5．动词+down

　 burn down 烧毁　　　　　　 break down 坏了，垮了，分解

　 take down 记下，记录　　　 turn down 调小，拒绝

　 cut down 削减，砍倒　　　 slow down 慢下来

　 pass down 传下来　　　　　 put down 记下，写下，镇压

　 calm down 平静下来　　　　 bring down 使……降低，使倒下

　 settle down 安家　　　　 come down 下落，传下

　 tear down 拆毁，拆除

6．动词+at

　 come at 向……袭击　　　　 shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷

　 run at 冲向，向……攻击　 work at 干……活动(研究)

　 tear at 用力撕　　　　　　 look at 看，注视

　 stare at 凝视　　　　　　　 glare at 怒视

　 glance at 匆匆一瞥　　　　　 laugh at 嘲笑

　 knock at 敲(门、窗等)　　　 point at 指向

　 smile at 冲(某人)笑　　　 strike at 向……打击

　 aim at 向……瞄准　　　　 shoot at 向……射击

　 wonder at 惊讶　　　　　 call at 拜访(地点)

7．动词+from

　 differ from 与……不同　　　　 suffer from 受……苦

　 hear from 收到……来信　　　　die from 因……而死

　 keep／stop／prevent…from阻止…… learn from 向……学习

result from 由于 date from 始于……时期　

separate…from 把……分离开

8．动词+of

　 think of 想到 dream of 梦到

　 consist of 由……组成　　　　 speak of 谈到

　 approve of 赞成　　　　　　　 die of 死于

　 talk of 谈到　　　　　　　　 hear of 听说

　 complain of 抱怨　　　　　　 become of 发生……情况，怎么啦

9．动词+off

　 start off 出发 set off 出发

　 leave off 中断　　　 show off 炫耀

　 get off 下车　　　　 take off 脱下，起飞

　 see off 送行　　　　 ring off 挂断电话

　 put off 延期，推迟　　　　come off 脱落，褪色

　 cut off 切断，断绝　　　　　fall off 跌落，掉下

　 keep off 避开，勿走近　　　 go off 消失；坏了,爆炸，不喜欢

　 knock…off 把……撞落　　　break off 打断

　 pay off 还清　　　　　　　 carry off 携走带走，赢得

　 get off 脱下(衣服等)　　　　 give off 散发出

　 turn(switch) off 关掉

10．动词+on

depend on 依靠　　　　　　　rely on 依靠

insist on 坚持　　　　　　　carry on 继续，进行

keep／go on 继续　　　　　　 spend…on 在……花钱

put on 穿上，戴上，上演　　　 call on 拜访

move on 继续移动，往前走　　　live on 以……为生

feed on 以……为生　　　　　　bring on 使……发展

take on 雇用，呈现(新面貌等)　try on 试穿

have on 穿着　　　　　　　　pass on 传授，传递

look on 旁观　　　　　　　　turn(switch) on 打开

11．动词+out

break out 爆发 point out 指出

pick out 选出 figure out 算出，理解

burst out 进发 bring out 阐明，使表现出

carry out 执行，进行 help out 救助

hold out 坚持下去 set out 出发，着手，摆放

wear out 穿破，使……疲劳 turn out 结果是，生产，培养

make out 理解，看清楚 come out 出版，出来

cross out 划掉 leave out 省略，删掉

keep out(of) 使不进入，挡住 work out 算出，想出办法等

find out 查出，弄明白 give out 散发，分发，用完

try out 试用，试验 look out 当心，提防

put out 扑灭 speak out 大胆讲出

hand out 散发 send out 发出，派遣

run out 用完 go out 熄灭

　let out 泄漏，发出(声音)，出租 die out 灭绝

12．动词十in

give in 让步 hand in 上交

bring in 引进，使得到收入 drop in 拜访

result in 导致 succeed in 在……获成功

join in 参加 take in 接纳，吸收，改小

get in 收获，进入 break in 强制进入，插话

fill in 填写 call in 召集，来访

cut in 插入 persist in 坚持

look in 来访，参观

13．动词十into

look into 研究，调查 turn into 变成

burst into 闯入，进发 divide…into 把……分成

change…into 把……变成 put／translate…into 把……译成

run into碰到 send sb to/into sleep 使进入状态

14．动词+over

turn over 翻倒，细想 think over 仔细考虑

go over 审阅，检查，研究 look over 翻阅，检查

get over 克服 run over 压死，看一遍

take over 接管，接替 watch over 看守，照看

fall over 跌倒，摔倒 roll over 翻滚

15．动词十to

belong to 属于 object to 反对

refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅 point to 指向

turn to 向……求助，查阅 stick／hold／keep to 坚持，忠于

see to 处理，料理 come to 共计，苏醒

reply to 答复 get to 到达

bring to 使苏醒把……比作 compare…to 与…相比;把…比作

agree to 同意 write to 写信给

supply…to 为……提供 lead to 导致，通向

add to 增添 attend to 处理,专心，照料

devote…to 贡献给

16．动词+up

grow up 成长，长大 give up 放弃，献出

build up 建立 set up 架起、建立

put up 搭起，架起，安装，住宿，张贴，盖起

do up 整理，包装，打扮

go up 增长，上涨get up 起床，站起

pick up 拾起，学会，用车，来接，收听到

bring up 抚养，呕吐，提出 出现

turn up 开大(音量等)，出席

stay up 挺住，熬夜

take up 开始学，从事，占据

sit up 熬夜 eat up 吃完

use up 用完 tear up 撕碎

lay up 储存 make up构成，组成 编造 弥补

cut up 切碎 join up 联结起来，参军

end up 总结 come up 上来，长出，出现

speed up 加快速度 throw up 呕吐

clear up 整理，收拾，放晴 look up 查找，找出

bum up 烧毁 catch up 赶上

hurry up 赶快 fix up 修理，安排，装置

keep up 保持 hold up 耽搁，使停顿

send up 发射 ring up 打电话

open up 开创，开辟 divide up 分配

break up 分解

17．动词十through

get through 通过，干完，接通电话

look through 翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看

go through 审阅，检查，学习

put…through 接通电话 see through 识破

check through 核对 pull through 渡过危机，康复

18．动词+with

deal with 处理，对付 do with 处理，需要

meet with 遇到，遭受 talk with 同……交谈

agree with 同意，与……一致 compare with 与……相比

combine with 与……相联合 equip…with 以……装备

cover…with 用……覆盖 begin with 以……开始

end up with 以……结束 supply…with 以……供给

provide…with 以……供给 play with 玩，玩弄

19．三词以上的短语动词

add up to 总计 break away from 摆脱

keep away from 避开，别靠近 do away with 废除

look down on 轻视 look up to 仰望，尊敬

put up with 忍受 catch up with 赶上

keep up with 赶上 run out of 用完

make up for 弥补 go on with 继续

get on(along) with 和……相处 look forward to 盼望

get close to 接近 take hold of 握住

get out of 逃避，避免 get down to 认真开始

set fire to 放火烧 pay attention to 注意

take notice of 注意 set an example to 为……榜样

do well in 在……干得好 pay a visit to 访问

take a photo of 拍……照片 take the place of 取代